{"id":4390,"date":"2021-12-07T11:42:29","date_gmt":"2021-12-07T07:42:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mauritiusmuseums.govmu.org\/mauritiusmuseums\/?page_id=4390"},"modified":"2021-12-09T12:33:04","modified_gmt":"2021-12-09T08:33:04","slug":"the-axis-powers-panel12","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/mauritiusmuseums.govmu.org\/mauritiusmuseums\/?page_id=4390","title":{"rendered":"The Axis Powers – Panel 12"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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The Axis Powers<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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World War II was fought between two major groups of\u00a0nations. They became known as the Axis and Allied Powers. The major Axis Powers were Germany, Italy, and Japan. The alliance began to form in 1936. On October 15, 1936, Germany and Italy signed a friendship treaty that formed the Rome-German Axis. It was after this treaty that Italian dictator, Benito Mussolini, used the term \u201cAxis\u201d to refer to their alliance. Shortly after this, on November 25, 1936, Japan and Germany both signed the Anti-Comintern Pact, which was a treaty against communism. An even stronger alliance was signed between Germany and Italy on May 22, 1939, called \u201cThe Pact of Steel\u201d. This treaty would later be called \u201cThe Tripartite Pact\u201d when Japan signed it on September 27, 1940. The three main Axis Powers were allies in the war.<\/span><\/p>

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Leaders of the Axis Powers<\/strong><\/p>

The three main member countries of the Axis Powers were\u00a0ruled by dictators. They were:<\/p>

  • Germany: Adolf Hitler<\/strong> – Hitler became Chancellor of Germany in 1933 and Fuhrer in 1934. He was a ruthless dictator who hated Jewish people. He wanted to purge Germany of all weak people. He also wanted to take control of Europe.<\/li>
  • Italy: Benito Mussolini<\/strong> – Mussolini was supreme dictator of Italy. He founded the concept of a fascist government where there is one leader and one party that has total power. He was an inspiration to Adolf Hitler.\u00a0<\/li>
  • \u00a0Japan: Emperor Hirohito<\/strong> – Hirohito reigned as Emperor of Japan from 1926 until 1989. He remained Emperor after the war. The first time his subjects heard his voice was when he announced Japan\u2019s surrender on the radio.<\/li><\/ul>
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    Other countries in the Axis Alliance:<\/strong><\/p>

    • Hungary<\/strong> – Hungary became the fourth member of the Tripartite Pact. Hungary played a large role in the invasion of Russia.<\/li>
    • Bulgaria<\/strong> – Bulgaria started out on the Axis side of the war, but after being invaded by Russia ended up on the side of the Allies.<\/li>
    • Romania<\/strong> – Similar to Bulgaria, Romania was on the side of the Axis Powers and helped to invade Russia. However, by the end of the war it changed sides and fought for the Allies.<\/li>
    • Finland<\/strong> – Finland never signed the Tripartite Pact, but fought with the Axis countries against Russia.<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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      Leaders in WWII \u2013 The Axis Powers<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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      ADOLF HITLER<\/strong><\/p>

      • Occupation: Dictator of Germany<\/li>
      • Born: April 20, 1889 in Braunau am Inn,\u00a0Austria-Hungary<\/li>
      • Died: April 30 1945 in Berlin, Germany.\u00a0<\/li><\/ul>

        Best known for: Starting World War II and the\u00a0Holocaust Adolf Hitler was the leader of Germany\u00a0from 1933 to 1945. He was Chancellor of the Nazi\u00a0party and became a powerful dictator. Hitler started\u00a0World War II by invading Poland and then invading\u00a0many other European countries. He is also known<\/p>

        • for wanting to exterminate the Jewish people in the\u00a0Holocaust.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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          BENITO MUSSOLINI<\/strong><\/p>

          • Occupation: Dictator of Italy<\/li>
          • Born: July 29, 1883 in Predappio, Italy<\/li>
          • Died: April 28, 1945 in Giulino di Mezzegra, Italy<\/li><\/ul>

            Best known for: Ruling Italy during World War\u00a0II and founding the Fascist Party<\/span><\/p>

            Founder of the Fascist Party in 1919. In 1922,\u00a0<\/span>Mussolini and 30,000 members of the party marched\u00a0<\/span>to Rome and took control of the government. By\u00a0<\/span>1925, Mussolini had total control of the government\u00a0<\/span>and was established as dictator. He became known\u00a0<\/span>as \u201cIl Duce\u201d, which means \u201cthe leader.\u201d In 1935,\u00a0<\/span>Italy invaded and <\/span>conquered<\/strong> Ethiopia. He also allied\u00a0<\/span>himself with Adolf Hitler and Nazi Germany in an\u00a0<\/span>alliance called the \u201cPact of Steel.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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            EMPEROR HIROHITO<\/strong><\/p>

            • Occupation: Emperor of Japan<\/li>
            • Born: April 29, 1901 in Tokyo, Japan<\/li>
            • Died: January 7, 1989 in Tokyo, Japan<\/li>
            • Reign: December 25, 1926 to January 7, 1989<\/li><\/ul>

              Best known for: Leader of Japan during World\u00a0War II and Japan\u2019s longest-reigning monarch.<\/span><\/p>

              Hirohito was born on April 29, 1901 in the royal\u00a0palace in Tokyo, Japan he was also known as Prince\u00a0<\/span>Michi. In 1921, Hirohito took over the leadership of\u00a0<\/span>Japan. He was called the Regent of Japan. He would\u00a0<\/span>rule as regent until his father died in 1926. Then\u00a0<\/span>Hirohito became the emperor. In 1940, Japan allied\u00a0<\/span>with Nazi Germany and Italy forming the Tripartite\u00a0<\/span>Pact. In order to allow Japan to continue to expand\u00a0<\/span>in the South Pacific, Japan bombed the United\u00a0<\/span>States Navy at Pearl Harbor. This allowed Japan to\u00a0<\/span>take over much of the South Pacific including the\u00a0<\/span>Philippines .<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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              The Allied Powers<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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              The major Allied Powers were Britain, France, Russia, and the\u00a0United States. The Allies formed mostly as a defense against\u00a0the attacks of the Axis Powers. The original members of\u00a0the Allies included Great Britain, France and Poland. When\u00a0Germany invaded Poland, Great Britain and France declared\u00a0war on Germany.<\/p>

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              Russia becomes an Ally<\/strong><\/p>

              At the start of World War II, Russia and Germany were\u00a0friends. However, on 22 June 1941 Hitler, the leader of\u00a0<\/span>Germany, ordered a surprise attack on Russia. Russia then\u00a0<\/span>became an enemy of the Axis Powers and joined the Allies.<\/span><\/p>

              \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>

              The US joined the Allied Powers<\/strong><\/p>

              The United States had hoped to remain neutral during\u00a0World War II. However, the US was attacked by surprise at\u00a0Pearl Harbor by the Japanese. This attack united the country\u00a0against the Axis Powers and turned the tide of World War\u00a0II in the favour of the Allies.<\/span><\/p>

              \u00a0<\/p>

              Leaders of the Allied Powers:<\/strong><\/p>

              • Great Britain: Winston Churchill<\/strong> – Prime Minister of\u00a0Great Britain during most of World War II, Winston\u00a0Churchill was a great leader. His country was the last\u00a0country fighting against the Germans in Europe. He is\u00a0known for his famous speeches to his people when the\u00a0Germans were bombing them during the Battle of Britain.<\/li>
              • United States: Franklin D. Roosevelt<\/strong> – One of the greatest presidents in the history of the United States, President Roosevelt led the country out of the Great Depression and through World War II.<\/li>
              • Harry S. Truman<\/strong> – Truman became president after Roosevelt died. He had to make the call to use the atomic bomb against Japan.<\/li>
              • Russia: Joseph Stalin<\/strong> – Stalin\u2019s title was General Secretary of the Communist Party. He led Russia through terrible and devastating battles with Germany. Millions and millions of people died. After winning the war, he set up the Eastern Bloc of Soviet led communist states.<\/li>
              • France: Charles de Gaulle<\/strong> – Leader of the Free French,
                de Gaulle led the French resistance movement against
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                WINSTON CHURCHILL<\/strong><\/p>

                • Born: November 30th, 1874 in Oxfordshire, England<\/li>
                • Occupation: Prime Minister of Great Britain<\/li>
                • Died: 24 January 1965 in London, England<\/li><\/ul>

                  Winston Churchill was one of the great world leaders\u00a0of the 20th century. His leadership helped Britain\u00a0to stand strong against Hitler and the Germans,\u00a0even when they were the last country left fighting.\u00a0Winston Churchill as prime minister (1940\u201345,\u00a01951\u201355) rallied the British people during World\u00a0War II and led his country from the brink of defeat\u00a0to victory.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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                  CHARLES DE GAULLE<\/b><\/p>

                  • Occupation: General and President of France<\/li>
                  • Born: November 22, 1890 in Lille, France<\/li>
                  • Died: November 9, 1970 in Colombey-les-Deux-Eglises, France<\/li>
                  • Best known for: Leading Free France during World<\/li><\/ul>

                    War II
                    Charles de Gaulle led the Free French forces in\u00a0resisting capitulation to Germany during World War\u00a0II and became provisional president of France in\u00a0the immediate aftermath of the war. Later he was\u00a0an architect of the Fifth Republic and was president\u00a0from 1958 to 1969.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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                    FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT<\/strong><\/p>

                    • Born: January 30, 1882 Hyde Park, New York, U.S<\/li>
                    • Occupation: 32nd President of the United States<\/li>
                    • Died: April 12, 1945 (aged 63) Warm Springs, Georgia, U.S<\/li><\/ul>

                      Franklin D. Roosevelt led the United States from\u00a0isolationism to victory over Nazi Germany and its\u00a0allies in World War II. The devastating surprise\u00a0attack at Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, which\u00a0former President Franklin D. Roosevelt called \u201cthe\u00a0date which will live in infamy.\u201d It was this event that\u00a0officially drew the United States into the Second\u00a0World War. He spearheaded the successful wartime\u00a0alliance between Britain, the Soviet Union and the\u00a0United States and helped lay the groundwork for\u00a0the post-war peace organization that would become\u00a0the United Nations.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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                      HARRY S. TRUMAN<\/b><\/p>

                      • Born: May 8, 1884 Lamar, Missouri<\/li>
                      • Occupation: 33rd President of the United States<\/li>
                      • Died : December 26, 1972 (aged 88) Kansas
                        City, Missouri<\/li><\/ul>

                        Harry S. Truman\u00a0(1884-1972), the 33rd U.S.\u00a0president, assumed office\u00a0following the death of\u00a0President Franklin Roosevelt\u00a0(1882-1945). In the White\u00a0House from 1945 to 1953,\u00a0Truman made the decision to\u00a0use the atomic bomb against\u00a0Japan, helped rebuild postwar\u00a0Europe, worked to contain\u00a0communism<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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                        JOSEPH STALIN<\/strong><\/p>

                        • Occupation: General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1922\u20131952) and Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union (1941\u20131953)<\/li>
                        • Died: 5 March 1953 (aged 74)<\/li><\/ul>

                          As war leader, Stalin\u00a0maintained close personal\u00a0control over the Soviet\u00a0battlefronts, military\u00a0reserves, and war economy.\u00a0In 1939, on the eve of\u00a0World War II, Joseph Stalin\u00a0and German dictator Adolf\u00a0Hitler (1889-1945)\u00a0signed the German-Soviet\u00a0Nonaggression Pact. In\u00a0June 1941, Germany broke\u00a0the Nazi-Soviet pact and invaded the USSR. As\u00a0German troops approached the Soviet capital of\u00a0Moscow, Stalin remained there and directed a\u00a0scorched earth defensive policy, destroying any\u00a0supplies or infrastructure that might benefit the\u00a0enemy. During the Battle of Stalingrad from\u00a0August 1942 to February 1943, the Red Army\u00a0defeated the Germans and eventually drove them\u00a0from Russia<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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                          Italian Campaign<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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                          When the Allies won the North African Campaign on May 13,\u00a01943, a quarter-million German and Italian troops surrendered\u00a0at Tunisia, on the north coast of Africa. With the huge Allied\u00a0army and navy in the southern Mediterranean now freed for\u00a0further action, British and American strategists faced two options:\u00a0Transfer these forces north for the impending invasion of Europe\u00a0from the English Channel, or remain in theater to strike at\u00a0southern Italy.<\/p>

                          The Allies, after some dissension, decided to press north into\u00a0Italy. The stepping stone to its mainland would be the island of\u00a0Sicily.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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                          The invasion of Sicily, code-named\u00a0Operation Husky, began before dawn on\u00a0<\/span>July 10, 1943, with combined air and sea\u00a0<\/span>landings involving 150,000 troops, 3,000\u00a0<\/span>ships and 4,000 aircraft, all directed at the\u00a0<\/span>southern shores of the island. This massive\u00a0<\/span>assault was nearly cancelled the previous\u00a0<\/span>day when a summer storm arose and\u00a0<\/span>caused serious difficulties for paratroopers\u00a0<\/span>dropping behind enemy lines that night.\u00a0<\/span>However, the storm also worked to the\u00a0<\/span>Allies\u2019 advantage when Axis defenders\u00a0<\/span>along the Sicilian coast judged that no\u00a0<\/span>commander would attempt amphibious\u00a0<\/span>landings in such wind and rain. By the\u00a0<\/span>afternoon of July 10, supported by shattering naval and aerial\u00a0<\/span>bombardments of enemy positions, 150,000 Allied troops reached\u00a0<\/span>the Sicilian shores, bringing along 600 tanks..<\/span><\/p>

                          The overall commander was American General Dwight D.\u00a0Eisenhower, as Commander in Chief (C-in-C) of all the Allied\u00a0<\/span>forces in North Africa. The Allied land forces were from the\u00a0<\/span>American, British and Canadian armies, and were structured as\u00a0<\/span>two task forces.<\/span><\/p>

                          The Eastern Task Force (also known as Task Force 545)was\u00a0led by General Sir Bernard Montgomery and consisted of the\u00a0<\/span>British Eighth Army.The Western Task Force (Task Force 343)\u00a0<\/span>was commanded by Lieutenant General George S. Patton and\u00a0<\/span>consisted of the American Seventh Army. The two task force\u00a0<\/span>commanders reported to Alexander as commander of the 15th\u00a0<\/span>Army Group.<\/span><\/p>

                          Allied troops encountered light resistance to their combined\u00a0operations. Hitler had been so deceived by \u201cMincemeat\u201d that\u00a0<\/span>he had left only two German divisions in Sicily to battle Allied\u00a0soldiers.For the next five weeks, Patton\u2019s army moved toward the\u00a0<\/span>northwestern shore of Sicily, then east toward Messina.<\/span><\/p>

                          On July 24, 1943, Prime Minister Benito Mussolini was deposed\u00a0and arrested. A new provisional government was set up under\u00a0<\/span>Marshal Pietro Badoglio who had opposed Italy\u2019s alliance with\u00a0<\/span>Nazi Germany and who immediately\u00a0<\/span>began secret discussions with the Allies\u00a0<\/span>about an armistice. On July 25, the day\u00a0<\/span>after Mussolini\u2019s arrest, the first Italian\u00a0<\/span>troops began withdrawing from Sicily.\u00a0<\/span>As Patton and Montgomery closed in\u00a0<\/span>on the northeastern port of Messina, the\u00a0<\/span>German and Italian armies managed\u00a0<\/span>(over several nights) to evacuate 100,000\u00a0<\/span>men, along with vehicles, supplies and\u00a0<\/span>ammunition, across the Strait of Messina\u00a0<\/span>to the Italian mainland.<\/span><\/p>

                          The battle for Sicily was complete. The advance against the Italian\u00a0mainland in September would take more time and cost the Allies\u00a0<\/span>more troops than they anticipated.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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                          The Allied invasion of Sicily July 1943<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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                          A universal carrier is towed ashore, as troops unload ammunition from a landing craft in the background, 10 July 1943<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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                          Invasion of Italy<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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                          On 3 September 1943, the 8th Army crossed Messina and invaded\u00a0the \u2018toe\u2019 of Italy. The Germans retreated slowly using demolitions,\u00a0mines and\u00a0 booby-traps to delay the British.\u00a0Early on 9 September, General Mark Clark\u2019s US 5th Army began\u00a0landing on the beaches south of Salerno, where they met stiff\u00a0resistance. At the same time, the British 1st Airborne Division\u00a0went ashore at Taranto on the \u2018heel\u2019 of Italy. By the end of\u00a0September, the Allies were in Naples.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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                          British troops landing at Salerno, September 1943<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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                          Shortly before the Salerno and Taranto\u00a0landings, Italian dictator Benito Mussolini\u00a0<\/span>was overthrown. The new Italian\u00a0<\/span>government surrendered to the Allies.<\/span><\/p>

                          Most of the Italian Army was quickly\u00a0disarmed by the Germans, whose troops\u00a0<\/span>now manned key positions throughout\u00a0<\/span>Italy. Once the Allies had landed, the Germans originally planned<\/span>to withdraw slowly to northern Italy.<\/span><\/p>

                          Hitler ordered his forces to hold a defensive position south of\u00a0Rome This focused on the Gustav Line, which ran from\u00a0 coast to\u00a0<\/span>coast and included the heights and monastery of Monte Cassino.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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                          \u00a0<\/p>

                          As the Allies inched towards the Gustav Line, they encountered\u00a0other German defence positions, anchored on the natural strength\u00a0<\/span>of rivers or mountains, each of which had to be captured before\u00a0<\/span>the advance could continue. These included the Volturno Line\u00a0<\/span>and the Barbara Line, both of which were broken in October\u00a0<\/span>and November 1943.<\/span><\/p>

                          In May 1944, a general Allied offensive breached the Gustav Line\u00a0at several points and troops entered the Liri Valley. During this\u00a0<\/span>attack, 8th Army troops finally occupied Monte Cassino. On 4\u00a0<\/span>June, the 5th Army entered Rome. British forces then attacked\u00a0<\/span>in the east. This was followed five days later by an American\u00a0<\/span>assault in the west. Cutting through enemy resistance, the attacks\u00a0<\/span>converged on Bologna, which fell on 21 April. Four days later,\u00a0<\/span>the Allies crossed the River Po, and Verona was captured on\u00a0<\/span>26 April.<\/span><\/p>

                          Mussolini, who had earlier been\u00a0rescued from Italian captivity by\u00a0German commandos, retreated north\u00a0with the Germans and their ISR allies.\u00a0But he was captured by partisans\u00a0and executed on 28 April 1945. The\u00a0following day, the Germans in Italy\u00a0surrendered to the Allies.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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                          A 25-pounder gun in action on the Rapido Sector of the Cassino front, 1944<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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                          Operation Mincemeat<\/strong><\/p>

                          In April 1943, a month before the Allied victory in North Africa, German agents recovered the body of a British Royal Marine pilot from the waters off a Spanish beach. Documents in an attach\u00e9 case handcuffed to the officer\u2019s wrist provided a goldmine of intelligence about the Allies\u2019 secret plans, and German agents quickly sent the documents up the chain of command where they soon reached German leader Adolf Hitler (1889-1945). Hitler studied the captured plans carefully, and, taking full advantage of their top-secret details, directed his troops and ships to reinforce the islands of Sardinia and Corsica, west of Italy, against an impending Allied invasion. There was only one problem: The recovered body\u2013which was not a Royal Marine but actually a homeless man from Wales who had committed suicide\u2013and its documents, were an elaborate British diversion called Operation Mincemeat. By the time Hitler redirected his troops in the summer of 1943, a massive Allied invasion force was sailing to Sicily.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                          The Axis Powers World War II was fought between two major groups of\u00a0nations. They became known as the Axis and Allied Powers. The major Axis Powers were Germany, Italy, and Japan. The alliance began to form in 1936. On October 15, 1936, Germany and Italy signed a friendship treaty that formed the Rome-German Axis. It …<\/p>\n

                          The Axis Powers – Panel 12<\/span> Read More »<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4390","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mauritiusmuseums.govmu.org\/mauritiusmuseums\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4390","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mauritiusmuseums.govmu.org\/mauritiusmuseums\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mauritiusmuseums.govmu.org\/mauritiusmuseums\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mauritiusmuseums.govmu.org\/mauritiusmuseums\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mauritiusmuseums.govmu.org\/mauritiusmuseums\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4390"}],"version-history":[{"count":41,"href":"https:\/\/mauritiusmuseums.govmu.org\/mauritiusmuseums\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4390\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5105,"href":"https:\/\/mauritiusmuseums.govmu.org\/mauritiusmuseums\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4390\/revisions\/5105"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mauritiusmuseums.govmu.org\/mauritiusmuseums\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4390"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}